91原创 Logo

Samuel Lee

PHYSICAL THERAPY

Samuel Lee


Associate Professor
slee@udel.edu
 302-831-3011

尝滨颁贰狈厂鲍搁贰:听

Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Colorado

听

EDUCATION

University of Pennsylvania

91原创

91原创

Boston University

Post-Doctoral Fellow

PhD

MPT

BS听cum laude

1999-2000

1994-1999

1992-1993

1988

Neurorehabilitation

Biomechanics and Movement Sciences/Philosophy

Physical Therapy

Biomedical Engineering

听

Current Appointments

2014Promotion and tenure to Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, 91原创, Newark, DE
2012-presentAffiliated Faculty, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 91原创, Newark, DE
2010-presentAssistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy and Biomechanics and Movement Science, 91原创
2002-presentScientific Staff, Shriners Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
2000-presentResearch Associate, Shriners Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
1994-presentContract Physical Therapist, Self-Employed

Professional History

2006-2009Research Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy and Biomechanics and Movement Science, 91原创
2002-2006Research Scientist, Department of Physical Therapy, 91原创
2001-2008Adjunct Instructor, Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
1999-2000Post-Doc Fellow, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
1994-1999Research Assistant, Department of Physical Therapy, 91原创
1994Staff Physical Therapist, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA
1993-1994Research and Staff Physical Therapist, Whittier Rehabilitation Hospital, Haverhill, MA
1992-1993Physical Therapist, Self-Employed, DE and Kathy Shapiro Pediatric Physical Therapy, Inc., MD
1993Pediatric Fellowship, Georgetown University Child Development Center, Washington, D.C.
1992Teaching Assistant, Department of Physical Therapy, 91原创

Honors/Awards

  • 鈥淩esearcher of the Month,鈥 College of Health Sciences, 91原创, January 2012.
  • Winner of the 鈥淏est Student Paper鈥 (to AM听 Tokay).听 Tokay AM, McRae CGA, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 The feasibility of using functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling in children with cerebral palsy.听 12th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, Nov 10-14, 2007, Philadelphia, PA.
  • 2003 鈥 Honoree, American Physical Therapy Association , Profiles in Excellence, April, 2003
  • 鈥淏est Poster Presentation鈥 for the poster:. Ding J,听Lee SCK, Tokay A, Prosser L, Stackhouse S,听 Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA听Modeling Isometric Contractions of Leg Muscles for Children with Cerebral Palsy.听 Presented at the 3rd Annual Center for Biomedical Engineering Research Symposium, 91原创, Newark, DE, 2006.
  • Nominated for the 2005 Gayle G. Arnold Award for Excellence in the Care of Children with Cerebral Palsy for the paper entitled: 鈥淣euromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Isometric Strength Training of the Quadriceps Femoris and Triceps Surae in Children with Spastic Diplegic CP鈥. Presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, September 29 鈥 October 2, 2004.
  • Mentored Drexel University Senior Design Project: Bohmik M, Ginder M, Kleinberg M, Greising J, Lind D,听Lee SCK. Instrumented bicycle pedals for use in a functional electrical stimulation study for children with cerebral palsy.听 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Drexel University, 2003-2004 Academic Year. Research Day, March 4th, 2004. Awarded 1st place project in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Awarded 3rd place project ($500) in the overall Drexel Engineering Department competition and a private industry award (Cisco Systems $500).
  • 鈥淏est Poster鈥 for the poster: The effects of electrical stimulation听vs.听volitional strength training on gait in children with cerebral palsy. Gait and Clinical Motion Analysis Society Annual Meeting, Lexington, KY, April, 2004.
  • 鈥淐hattanooga Research Award鈥. American Physical Therapy Association, 2002 for the article: Stackhouse SK, Stevens JE, Pearce KM,听Lee SCK, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA. Maximum voluntary activation in fresh and fatigued muscle of young and elder individuals.听听Phys. Ther.听May 2001,听Phys. Ther. 81:1102-09, 2001.
  • 鈥淥utstanding Student Presentation, Muscle Fatigue Poster/Discussion鈥 for the presentation: Maximum Voluntary Recruitment in Fresh and Fatigued Muscle of Young and Elder Individuals.听 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Experimental Biology 99, Washington, D.C., April 19, 1999.
  • 鈥淭op 10 Speaker鈥.听 Annual Biomedical Engineering Project Conference, Boston University, Boston, MA, April, 1988.

Professional Organizations/Societies

  • American Physical Therapy Association
  • American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine
  • International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society

Research Interests

My interest is to improve the function of individuals with central nervous system injury through the application of electrical stimulation to activate paralyzed or weakened muscles.听 To this end, I am interested in the use of electrical stimulation as a tool to study the physiologic characteristics of muscle and the central and peripheral nervous systems; to be applied as a rehabilitative or training method to improve muscle function and strength; and as a method to produce functional movement (FES) of impaired muscles.

Research Projects & Grants

2014-2016, Shriners Hospitals for Children Grant Application #290164:听 Sensor Fusion for Balance Control in Children with CP (3 year directs: Grant # 71002-PHI-14 $543,952).听 PI-John Jeka, CoI-Lee (15% effort).

2013-2014, Promoting Clinical and Translational Research Pilot Grant: FES-cycle training targeting post-stroke locomotor recovery. (directs: $86,650), PI 鈥 Chris Gregory, CoI/mentor 鈥 Lee.

2012-2015, Shriners Hospitals for Children Grant #71011-PHI: Fes to Improve Crouch Gait in CP. PI 鈥 Lee (2012-2015; 4 years directs $957,718).

2010-2012, Delaware Health Sciences Alliance Pilot Project: Relationships between Cortical Motor Organization and Response to Exercise Interventions in Children with Cerebral Palsy.听 PI 鈥 Binder-Macleod (Co-investigators Kesar T, Whittenberg GF, Anzioloti K, Miller F, Duff S). $75,000.

2010-2015, National Institutes of Health.听 NICHD/NINR: R01HD062588听 FES-Assisted Cycling to Improve Fitness and Strength In Children with CP.听 PI 鈥 Lee. $2,913,039 (5 years direct and indirect).

2004-2009, National Institutes of Health. NICHD: R01 HD043859:听 Strength Training Using NMES for Children with CP. PI 鈥 Lee. $1,528,875 (5 years direct and indirect; annual direct costs $202,500).

2008-2011, Shriners Hospitals for Children Grant #9159 Functional Electrical Stimulation Assisted Cycling to Improve Fitness and Strength in Children with Cerebral Palsy.听 PI-Lee (first year directs $177,321).

2004-2006, United Cerebral Palsy Foundation. Trabecular Microarchitecture and Geometric Structure of Bone in Children with Cerebral Palsy, PI 鈥 Modleski; co-investigator 鈥 Lee, $99,882 (2 years direct and indirect; directs 2004 $49,930; 2005 $49,952).

2004- 2007, Shriners Hospitals for Children Grant #8530:听 Strength Training Using Electrical Stimulation for Children with Cerebral Palsy. PI 鈥 Lee, $362,211 (3 years direct and indirect; directs 2004: $206,977; 2005: $40,350; 2006: $43,430; 2007: $86,778).

Teaching

91原创, Department of Physical Therapy
PHYT633 Applied Physiology II听(3 credit course).听 Discusses the research on the effects of exercise on the various patient populations (not including cardiopulmonary).听 Emphasis is placed on the musculoskeletal system and on exercise prescription and progression.
PHYT634 Electrotherapy听(4 credit course and lab).听听 Provides an understanding of the physiological basis for the use of physical agents and electrotherapy.听 Emphasis is placed on patient evaluation and clinical applications of electrical stimulation used in physical therapy clinics.

Temple University, Physical Therapy Department
PT622 Instrumentation and Movement Analysis听(3 Credit course including lab).听 Instructor FY2001, Co-Instructor FY2005. Current methodology appropriate to the study of human muscle performance and movement.听 Both technical and theoretical foundations of instrumentation are included.听 Students have opportunities to develop skills in systems calibration, data acquisition, data reduction, and data analyses in laboratory sessions.

Publications

Manuscripts in Review:

  1. Zarkou A, Stackhouse SA, Binder-Macleod,听Lee SCK.听 Quadriceps Volitional Activation:听 A direct comparison of the interpolation and superimposition technique.听 Submitted to听Med Sci Sport Ex, In Review.
  2. Harrington AT, Lee SCK.听 Fitness and Exercise:听 Essential components for Health and maximizing function in individuals with cerebral palsy.听 Submitted to Dev Med.听

Abstracts in Review:

Journal Articles:

  1. Harrington AT, McRae CGA,听Lee SCK.听 Evaluation of functional electrical stimulation to assist cycling for fitness in adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy.听 Submitted to International Journal of Pediatrics, 2012, 2012:504387, Epub May 22.
  2. Pierce SR, Prosser LA,听Lee SC, Lauer RT. 鈥淭he relationship between spasticity and muscle volume of the knee extensors in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.鈥 Pediatric Physical Therapy, 2012, 24(2):177-182.
  3. Prosser LA,听Lee SCK, Barbe MF, VanSant AF, Lauer RT. Trunk and hip muscle activation patterns are different during walking in young children with and without cerebral palsy.听Phys Ther听2010 Jul;90(7):986-97. Epub 2010 Apr 29. PMID: 20430948
  4. Prosser, LA,听Lee, SCK, Barbe MF, VanSant, Ann F, Lauer RT. Trunk and hip muscle activity in early walkers with and without cerebral palsy.听J Electromyography and Kinesiology听2010 April 20: 851-859.
  5. Prosser LA, Lauer RT, VanSant AF, Barbe MF,听Lee SCK. Variability and symmetry of gait in early walkers with and without bilateral cerebral palsy;听Gait Posture. 2010 Apr;31(4):522-6. Epub 2010 Mar 24.PMID: 20338763
  6. Lee SCK,听Ding J, Prosser LA, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. A predictive mathematical model of muscle forces for children with cerebral palsy.听听Dev Med Child Neurol,听2009 Dec;51(12):949-58. Epub 2009 Aug 24. PMID: 19703211
  7. McRae CGA, Johnston TE, Lauer RT, Tokay AM,听Lee SCK, Hunt KJ. Cycling for Children with Neuromuscular Impairments Using Electrical Stimulation 鈥 Development of Tricycle Based Systems,听Med.Eng. Phys. 2009, 31(6), 650-9.
  8. Johnston TE, Lauer RT,听Lee SCK. The Effects of a Shank Guide on Cycling Biomechanics of an Adolescent with Cerebral Palsy.听Arch Phyl Med Rehab听2008, 89:2025-30.
  9. Lauer RT, Johnston TE, Smith BT,听Lee SCK. Lower Extremity Muscle Activity during Cycling in Adolescents with and without Cerebral Palsy.听Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon).听2008, 23(4):442-9. Epub 2007 Dec 20.
  10. Chou L,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Binder-Macleod SA. The Effectiveness of Progressively Increasing Stimulation Frequency and Intensity to Maintain Paralyzed Muscle Force during Repetitive Activation.听Arch PhysMed Rehabil, 2008, 89(5): 856-864.
  11. Johnston TE, Prosser LA,听Lee SCK.听 Differences in Pedal Forces during Recumbent Cycling in Adolescents with and without Cerebral Palsy,听Clinical Biomechanics, 2008, 23(2):248-51. Epub 2007 Oct 22. PMID: 17950505
  12. Johnston TE, Barr AE,听Lee SCK, Biomechanics of recumbent cycling in adolescents with cerebral palsy with and without the use of a fixed shank guide,听Gait Posture. 2008 May;27(4):539-46. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
  13. Lee SCK, Braim A, Becker CN, Prosser LA, Tokay A, Binder-Macleod SA. Diminished fatigue at reduced muscle length in human skeletal muscle.听Muscle Nerve, 2007, 36(6):听789-797. PMID: 17691103
  14. Ding J, Chou L, Kesar T,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA.听 A mathematical model that predicts the force- intensity and force-frequency relationships of individuals following spinal cord injuries.听听Muscle Nerve,听36(2):314-222, 2007
  15. Johnston TE, Barr AE,听Lee SCK. The biomechanics of submaximal recumbent cycling in adolescents with and without cerebral palsy.听Phys Ther, 2007;87:572-585.
  16. Scott WB,听Lee SCK, Johnston, TE, Binkley J, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Effect of electrical stimulation pattern on the force response of paralyzed human quadriceps muscle.听听Muscle Nerve, 2007, 35(4):471-8.
  17. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Stackhouse CA, McCarthy JJ, Prosser LA听Lee SCK.听 Neuromuscular electrical stimulation versus volitional isometric strength training in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: a preliminary study.听 Neurorehabil, Neural Repair,听2007, 21(6):475-85. Epub 2007 Mar 16. PMID: 17369515
  18. Scott WB,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Binkley J, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile properties and the force-frequency relationship of the paralyzed human quadriceps muscle.听听Phys Ther, 86(6):788-99, 2006.
  19. Kebaetse MB,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Strategies that improve paralyzed human quadriceps femoris muscle performance during repetitive, non-isometric contractions.听听Arch of Phys Med Rehabil, 86(11):2157-64, 2005.
  20. Stackhouse SK Binder鈥慚acleod SA,听Lee SCK. Voluntary muscle activation, contractile, and fatigue properties in children with and without cerebral palsy.听听Muscle Nerve听31:594-601, 2005.
  21. Scott WB,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Binder鈥慚acleod SA. Switching stimulation patterns improves performance of paralyzed human quadriceps muscle.听听Muscle & Nerve听31(5):581-8, 2005.
  22. Ding J,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Wexler AS, Scott WB, Binder鈥慚acleod SA: A mathematical model that predicts isometric muscle forces for individuals with spinal cord injuries.听Muscle Nerve听31(6):702-12, 2005.
  23. Stackhouse SK, Stevens JE,听Lee SCK听Pearce, KM, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Maximum voluntary activation in non- fatigued and fatigued muscle of young and elderly individuals.听听Phys. Ther.听81: 1102-09, 2001.
  24. Kebaetse MB,听Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA.听 A novel stimulation pattern improves performance during repetitive dynamic contractions.听听Muscle Nerve听24:744-52, 2001.
  25. Stackhouse SK, Dean JC,听Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Measurement of central activation failure of the quadriceps femoris in healthy adults.听听Muscle Nerve23:1706-12, 2000.
  26. Lee SCK, Becker CN, and Binder-Macleod SA.听 Activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during dynamic contractions: Effects of load on fatigue. 听J. Appl. Physiol.,听89(3):926-36, 2000.
  27. Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of activation frequency on dynamic performance of human fresh and fatigued muscles.听听J. Appl. Physiol.,听88(6):2166-75,.2000.
  28. Lee SCK, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Catchlike-inducing train activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions:听 Burst modulation.听听J. Appl. Physiol.听87(5):1758-67, 1999.
  29. Lee SCK, Gerdom ML, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of length on the catchlike property of human quadriceps femoris mucscle.Phys.Ther.听79(8):738-48, 1999.
  30. Binder-Macleod SA,听Lee SCK, Kucharski LJ, and Russ D.听 Effects of activation pattern on human skeletal muscle fatigue.听Muscle Nerve.听21:1145-52, 1998.
  31. Binder-Macleod SA,听Lee SCK, Fritz AD, and Kucharski LJ.听 A new look at the force-frequency relationship of human skeletal muscle: Effects of fatigue.听听J. Neurophysiol.听79:1858-68, 1998.
  32. Binder-Macleod SA,听Lee SCK, and Baadte SA.听 Reduction of the fatigue-induced force decline in human skeletal muscle by optimized stimulation trains. 听Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.听 78:1129-37, 1997.
  33. Binder-Macleod SA, and听Lee SCK.听 An assessment of the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in the treatment of hemiplegia.听听Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.听 3(4):88-98, 1997.
  34. Binder-Macleod SA, and听Lee SCK.听 Catchlike property of human muscle during isovelocity movements.听听J. Appl. Physiol.80(6):2051-59, 1996.
  35. Lee SCK.听 鈥淟eave your shoes at the door: A perspective on Korean culture鈥.听听Pediatric Phys. Ther.听7(3):135-7, 1995.

Abstracts:

  1. Lee SCK, Zarkou A, Tokay Harrington A, Zahradka N, Wright H, Torres M, Marion M.听 Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling to improve fitness in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Accepted to the 4th International Cerebral Palsy Conference, Pisa, Italy 2012.
  2. Lee SCK,听Wright H, Harrington AT. Force Rates and Cycling Ability in Children & Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. Accepted to the听4th听International Cerebral Palsy Conference, Pisa, Italy听2012.
  3. Tokay Harrington A, McRae CG,听Lee SCK.听The Effects of a Brief, Intensive FES-Assisted Cycling Intervention on Cycling Performance in Adolescents with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series.听Ped PT. 23(1), 96-105, 2011.
  4. McRae CGA, Harrington,听Lee SCK. Graded exercise testing by adolescents with cerebral palsy using a motor-assisted recumbent tricycle 鈥 maximal performance and the relation to gross motor function.听Dev. Med. Child Neurol.听52 (Suppl 5): SP7, p. 63, 2010.
  5. Lee SCK, Harrington AT, McRae CGA, Kachmar AN. FES-assisted cycling training can improve cycling performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, gait and functional activity following an 8-week, home-based training program 鈥 a case report.听Artif Organs听34(8), p.A39, 2010.
  6. Lee SCK,听Ding J, Prosser LA, Tokay AM, Binder-Macleod SA.听听A mathematical model approach for estimating central activation and maximum force potential in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy.听听Dev. Med. Child Neurol.听50 (Suppl 4): SP69, p. 75, 2008.
  7. Tokay AM, Prosser LA,听Lee SCK.听 Triceps surae strength training does not reduce dorsiflexion passive range of motion in children with spatic diplegic cerebral palsy.听听Dev. Med. Child Neurol.听50 (Suppl 4): A5, p. 3, 2008.
  8. Tokay AM, McRae CGA, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 The use of functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling in adolescents with cerebral palsy in Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society.听 Biomedizinische Technik 鈥 Biomedical Engineering. 2008:53 (Supplement 1), 376-8.
  9. Johnston, TE, Prosser LA,听Lee SCK.听 Pedal Forces during Cycling in Adolescents with and without Cerebral Palsy.听 APTA Combined Sections Meeting in Nashville, TN, February 2008.
  10. Smith BT,听Lee SCK, McCarthy J, Prosser L, Patel B, Davis R.听 An implantable microinjectable stimulator for muscle excitation suitable for pediatric applications:听 An evaluation using a canine model.听 12th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, Nov 10-14, 2007, Philadelphia, PA.
  11. Tokay AM, McRae CGA, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 The feasibility of using functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling in children with cerebral palsy.听 12th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, Nov 10-14, 2007, Philadelphia, PA.听 Winner of the Best Student Paper competition to Ann Tokay.
  12. Johnston, TE, Lee SCK, Barr AE. The biomechanics of cycling in adolescents with and without cerebral palsy has been accepted for the Gossman Graduate Student Forum sponsored by the Section on Research at the 2007 APTA Combined Sections Meeting in Boston, February 14-18, 2007
  13. Smith BT,听Lee SCK, McCarthy J, Prosser L Patel B, Davis R. An Implanted Radio Frequency Microstimulator for Muscle Excitation Sized for Pediatric Applications: An Evaluation Using a Canine Model. Annual International Steel Conference, Orlando, FL, Nov 2006.
  14. Rosen, Sarah, Tucker, Carole,听Lee, SCK. Gait energy efficiency in children with cerebral palsy. 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, New York City, New York, USA, Aug. 30- Sept. 3, 2006.
  15. Johnston TE,听Lee SCK, Smith BT, Lauer RT, Slater E.听听Muscle activation patterns during cycling in adolescents with without cerebral palsy.听Dev Med Child Neurol, Supplement No. 106(48):SP35, p.43, 2006.
  16. Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Bhowmik M, Ginder M, Greising J, Kleinberg M, Lind D, Stackhouse C.听 An instrumented recumbent cycle for studying cycling biomechanics. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine Conference, Sept. 2005.
  17. Lee SCK, Ding J, Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA.听A predictive model of muscle forces for children with cerebral palsy. 10thAnnual Meeting of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society.听 Montreal, Canada, July 5-8, 2005, 288-290.
  18. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Stackhouse CA, Schaefer M, McCarthy JJ, Smith BT. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional strength training in children with cerebral palsy: A preliminary study.听听Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Conference,听 Bournemouth, England, September 6-9, 2004, p71-73.
  19. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Mccarthy JJ,听Lee SCK.听鈥Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional isometric strength training of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: A preliminary study.听Dev Med Child Neurol Supplement听No.99, 46:F4 p19-20, 2004.
  20. Laughton-Stackhouse C,听Lee SCK, Schaefer M, Stackhouse SK, Vishnevetsky D, McCarthy JJ, Smith B.听 The effects of electrical stimulation vs.听volitional strength training on gait in children with cerebral palsy.听 Annual Meeting of the Gait Clinical Movement Analysis Society, Lexington, KY, April 21-24, 2004.
  21. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Ronan TA, Parker KW, McCarthy JJ, Binder-Macleod SA, Smith BT. Preliminary results of percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation for strength training in children with cerebral palsy.听听Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, Queensland, Australia, July 1-5, 2003.
  22. Stackhouse SK,听Lee SCK, Schaefer MK, McCarthy JJ, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Percutaneous electrical stimulation for strength training the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscles in two children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. 33rd Neural Prosthesis Workshop, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, October 16-18, 2002.
  23. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile and fatigue characteristics of quadriceps femoris muscle in children with and without cerebral palsy.听听Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Supplement听91, 44(8):38-39, 2002.
  24. Johnston T,听Lee SCK, Pierce S, Smith BT. Energy cost of walking in children with cerebral palsy: relation to gross motor function classification system level. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Supplement听91, 44(8):35, 2002.
  25. Ding J, Wexler, AS,听Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod, SA.听 A predictive model of muscle forces for children with spinal cord injuries.听Proceedings of the IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference.听Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, April 20-21, 2002, pp 21-22.
  26. Stackhouse SK,听Lee SCK, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Use of a topical anesthetic during the assessment of voluntary muscle activation in children with cerebral palsy.听听Neurology Report听25(4): 148, 2001.
  27. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Smith BT.听 Contractile and fatigue characteristics of the quadriceps femoris muscle in children with and without cerebral palsy.听听Neurology Report听25(4): 131-132, 2001.
  28. Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Variable-frequency train activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions: frequency characteristics.听听Phys. Ther.听79(5):S77, 1999.
  29. Lee SCK, Pearce KM, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Maximum voluntary recruitment in fresh and fatigued muscle of younger and elder individuals.听听The FASEB Journal.听 13(5):A690, 1999.
  30. Lee SCK, Braim A., Becker C, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Effects of length on fatigue of human skeletal muscle.听 The FASEB Journal.听11(3):A75, 1997.
  31. Lee SCK, Cullen ML, and Binder-Macleod SA.听 Effects of muscle length on the catchlike property in fresh and fatigued human muscle.听Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.听 28(5 supplement):S140, 1996.
  32. Binder-Macleod SA, Kucharski LK, and听Lee SCK.听 Effects of the catchlike property on the fatigue of human muscle.听 Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.听 28(5 supplement):S139, 1996.
  33. Binder-Macleod SA, Kucharski LK, and听Lee SCK.听 Fatiguing effects of the catchlike property in human muscle.听听The FASEB Journal听10(3):A1, 1996.
  34. Binder-Macleod SA, and听Lee SCK.听 Catchlike property of human muscle during shortening and lengthening contractions.听听Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19(1):154, 1993.

Book Chapters:
Lee SC,听Russ DW, Binder-Macleod SA (2009).听 Force frequency relation of skeletal muscle.听 In听 Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U (Eds.)听Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Springer, 1608-1611.

Article Critiques:
Lee SCK.听 Applicability of the hierarchical scales of the Tufts Assessment of Motor Performance for School-Aged Children and Adults with Disabilities.听听Phys. Ther.72(3):191-202.听 In听Pediatric Phys. Ther.听4(4):208-210, 1992.

Book Reviews:
Lee SCK.听 Extraordinary children, ordinary lives: stories behind special education case law.听 By R. Martin, Champaign, Illinois, Research Press, 1991.听 In听Pediatric Phys. Ther.听4(3): 156, 1992.

PRESENTATIONS

Platform Presentations:

  1. Lee SCK.听 FES to enhance fitness, activity and walking in cerebral palsy.听 An invited presentation submitted to the 7th World Congress of Biomechanics, Boston, MA, July 6-11, 2014.
  2. Zarkou A, Tsepis E,听Lee SCK.听 The effects of stochastic resonance stimulation and coordination training on postural stability and sense of effort in individuals with functional ankle instability.听 APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 2014.
  3. Tokay Harrington A, McRae CG,听Lee SCK.听A Comparison of Volitional Effort to Sensory Level and Motor Level Electrical Stimulation for FES-Assisted Cycling in Adolescents with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. 7th Annual Marilyn Gossman Graduate Student Seminar, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2011.
  4. Prosser LA,听Lee SCK, Van Sant AF, Barbe MF, Lauer RT. Temporal and frequency characteristics of trunk and hip muscle activity patterns in early walkers with and without cerebral palsy. Annual Meeting of the American Society for Biomechanics, State College, PA, 2009.
  5. Wright S, Edwards L, Prosser LA, Tokay AM,听Lee SCK. Strength training using NMES in children with cerebral palsy: relationship between stimulation dose, changes in strength, and muscle cross sectional area. APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 2009
  6. Iwanczewski JM, Nichol AS, Vander Wiele KM, Tokay AM, Scott Stackhouse SA,听Lee SCK.听 A systematic comparison of the central activation ratio and the interpolation technique for estimating central drive: issues of voluntary force and type of electrical stimulus.听 10th Annual Marilyn Gossman Graduate Student Seminar. APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 2009
  7. 听Tokay AM, McCrae CG, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 The application of functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling in children with cerebral palsy.听 Submitted to the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Sept. 17-20th, 2008.
  8. Tokay AM, McRae CGA, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 The feasibility of using functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling in children with cerebral palsy.听 12th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, Nov 10-14, 2007, Philadelphia, PA.听 Winner of the Best Student Paper competition to Ann Tokay.
  9. Johnston TE,听Lee SCK, Tucker CA.听 Physical fitness in children with cerebral palsy classified as GMFCS Levels III and IV. 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Sept 14-17, Orlando, FL, 2005.
  10. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Stackhouse CA, Schaefer M, McCarthy JJ, Smith BT. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional strength training in children with cerebral palsy: A preliminary study.听 International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society. Bournemouth, England, September 6-9, 2004.
  11. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, McCarthy JJ,听Lee SCK.听Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional isometric strength training of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: a preliminary study. 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Los Angeles, California, September 29-October 2, 2004.
  12. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA,听Lee SCK.听 Electrical stimulation verses volitional strength training of the quadriceps femoris muscles in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.听 5th Annual Marilyn Gossman Graduate Student Seminar, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Nashville, TN, 2004
  13. Banks K, Gieringer R, Musket M, Stackhouse SK, Eastlack ME,听Lee SCK.听 Comparison of stimulation patterns used to assess voluntary muscle activation of the quadriceps femoris. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association.听 Tampa, FL, 2003.
  14. Banks K, Gieringer R, Musket M, Stackhouse SK, Eastlack ME,听Lee SCK.听 Comparison of two methods to quantify voluntary muscle activation of the quadriceps femoris in young adults. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association. Tampa, FL, 2003.
  15. Ding J, Wexler, AS,听Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod听 SA.听 A predictive model of muscle forces for children with spinal cord injuries. Proceedings of the IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, April 20-21, 2002, pp 21-22.
  16. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA Smith BT. Contractile and fatigue characteristics of quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscle in children with and without cerebral palsy. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association. Boston, MA, Feb 20-24, 2002
  17. Lee SCK, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod. Activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions:听 Effects of load on fatigue.听 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association.听 New Orleans, LA, Feb 2-6, 2000.
  18. Kebaetse MB,听Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Force optimization in human quadriceps isotonic muscle contraction during knee movement. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association.听 New Orleans, LA, Feb 2-6, 2000.
  19. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Dean JC,听Lee SCK.听 Detection of central activation failure of the quadriceps femoris in young, healthy adults. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association. New Orleans, LA, Feb 2-6, 2000.
  20. Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA. Variable-frequency train activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions: Frequency characteristics.听 Scientific Meeting & Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Washington, D.C., June 5-8, 1999.
  21. Lee SCK, Pierce KM, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA. Maximum voluntary recruitment in fresh and fatigued muscle of young and elder individuals.听 Combined poster and oral presentation.听 Experimental Biology 99, Washington D.C., April 17-21, 1999.
  22. Lee SCK, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod SA. Variable-frequency train activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions: burst modulation.听 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Seattle, WA, February 3-7, 1999.
  23. Lee SCK, Braim A, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of length on fatigue of human skeletal Muscle. Combined poster and oral presentation.听 Experimental Biology 97, New Orleans, LA, April 6-9, 1999.
  24. Lee SCK. Design and Evaluation of a Multichannel Myoelectric Signal Acquisition System.听 Annual Biomedical Engineering Project Conference, Boston University, Boston, MA, April 1988.

Poster Presentations:

  1. Marion MS, Wright HG, Lenoir KJ, Zahradka N, Sazonov W, Richards JG,听Lee SCK. Real-time visual and quantitative feedback of gait parameters from a wearable wireless sensor system.听 The 36 Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference, Chicago, Il. August 26-30, 2014.
  2. Zahradka N, Behboodi A, Lenoir K, Marion MS, Wright H, Zarkou A, Torres M, Sazonov E,听Lee SCK.听 A first look at a closed loop IMU and FSR based feedback system for delivery of functional electrical stimulation during walking. The 7th World Congress of Biomechanics, Boston, MA, July 6-11, 2014.
  3. Marion MS, Wright H, Barito L, Zahradka N, Sazonov E,听Lee SCK, White S, Richards J. Portable wireless system for measuring joint angles in real-time.听 Gait & Clinical Movement Analysis Society 2014 Annual Conference, Newark, DE, June 24-27, 2014.
  4. Behboodi A, Zahradka N, Lenoir K, Marion MS, Wright H, Zarkou A, Torres M, Sazonov E,听Lee SCK.听 A combined IMU and FSR system for detecting 7 phases of gait in real-time.听 Gait & Clinical Movement Analysis Society 2014 Annual Conference, Newark, DE, June 24-27, 2014.
  5. Allamby M, Cherry D, Gao X, Paolantonio E, Trosch L,听Lee SCK.听 The use of EMG biofeedback as treatment for facial paralysis secondary to Bell鈥檚 Palsy.听 To be presented at the APTA Combined Sections Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 2013.
  6. Lee SCK, Zarkou A, Tokay Harrington A, Zahradka N, Wright H, Torres M, Marion M.听 Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling to improve fitness in children with cerebral palsy (CP).听 The 4th International Cerebral Palsy Conference, Pisa, Italy 2012.
  7. Lee SCK,听Wright H, Harrington AT. Force Rates and Cycling Ability in Children & Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. The听4th听International Cerebral Palsy Conference, Pisa, Italy听2012.
  8. Tokay Harrington A, McRae CG,听Lee SCK.听The Effects of a Brief, Intensive FES-Assisted Cycling Intervention on Cycling Performance in Adolescents with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series.听Ped PT. 23(1), 98-99, 2011.
  9. Lee SCK,听Tokay Harrington A, McRae CG, Kachmar AN. Fes-assisted cycling training can improve cycling performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, gait and functional activity following an 8-week, home-based training program 鈥 a case report.听 Delaware Health Science Alliance Conference on Women & Children鈥檚 Health Research. 91原创, Newark, DE, December 10th, 2010.
  10. Lee SCK,听Tokay Harrington A, McRae CG, Kachmar AN. Fes-assisted cycling training can improve cycling performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, gait and functional activity following an 8-week, home-based training program 鈥 a case report. 15th IFESS Annual Conference, Vienna, Austria, 2010.
  11. McRae CGA, Harrington,听Lee SCK. Graded exercise testing by adolescents with cerebral palsy using a motor-assisted recumbent tricycle 鈥 maximal performance and the relation to gross motor function.听Dev. Med. Child Neurol.听52 (Suppl 5): SP7, p. 63, 2010.
  12. Pierce SR, Lauer RT, Prosser LA,听Lee SC. Relationships between spasticity of the knee flexors and knee extensors and muscle mass in children with cerebral palsy. American Society of Biomechanics Conference, University Park, August 2009.
  13. Tokay A, McRae C, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Cycling in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.听 APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 2009.
  14. Prosser LA,听Lee SCK, Van Sant AF, Barbe MF, Lauer RT. Trunk and hip muscle activity patterns in early walkers with and without cerebral palsy. APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 2009.
  15. Tokay AM, McCrae CG, Johnston TE,听Lee SCK.听 The application of functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling in children with cerebral palsy.听 The 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Sept. 17-20th, 2008.
  16. Ding J,听Lee SCK, Tokay A, Prosser L, Stackhouse S, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Modeling isometric contractions of leg muscles for children with cerebral palsy.听 Presented at the 3rd Annual Center for Biomedical Engineering Research Symposium, 91原创, Newark, DE, 2006.
  17. Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Bohmik M, Ginder M, Greising J, Kleinberg M, Lind D, Stackhouse C.听 An instrumented recumbent cycle for studying cycling biomechanics.听 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Sept 14-17, Orlando, FL, 2005.
  18. Stackhouse CA, Lee SCK, Schaefer M, Stackhouse SK, McCarthy JJ, Smith B, Binder-Macleod SA.听 The effects of electrical stimulation vs. volitional strength training on gait in children with cerebral palsy.听 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, New Orleans, LA, 2005.
  19. Scott W,听Lee SCK, Johnston TA, Binkley J, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile properties and the force-frequency relationship of the paralyzed human quadriceps muscle. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, New Orleans, LA, 2005.
  20. Johnston TE,听Lee SCK, Smith BT, Betz RR. Strengthening of a partially denervated muscle using percutaneous electrical stimulation: A case report.听 50th Annual Conference of the American Paraplegia Society, September 7-9, Las Vegas, NV, 2004.
  21. Kebaetse M, Binder-Macleod SA,听Lee SCK, Johnston T.听 Paralyzed skeletal muscle performance during electrically elicited, repetitive, non-isometric contractions. 50th Annual Conference of the American Paraplegia Society, September 7-9, Las Vegas, NV, 2004
  22. Ding J,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Wexler AS, Scott WB, Binder-Macleod SA.听 A predictive mathematical force model for spinal cord injured patients. 50th Annual Conference of the American Paraplegia Society, September 7-9, Las Vegas, NV, 2004.
  23. Bohmik M, Ginder M, Kleinberg M, Greising J, Lind D, Johnston T, Lauer R,听Lee SCK.听 Instrumented bicycle pedals for use in a 听functional electrical stimulation study for children with cerebral palsy.听 Drexel University, Research Day, March 4th, 2004.
  24. Yapsuga KN, Larson KM,听Lee SCK.听 Reliability of methods to assess voluntary activation, contractile properties and fatigability of the quadriceps femoris muscle in healthy adults.听 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association. Nashville, TN, 2004.
  25. Yapsuga KN, Larson KM, Stackhouse SK, Schaefer MK,听Lee SCK听 The effects of strength training the quadriceps femoris and听triceps surae muscles using percutaneous electrical stimulation in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: a preliminary听听study. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Nashville, TN, 2004.
  26. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Ronan TA, Parker KW, McCarthy JJ, Binder-Macleod SA, Smith BT. Preliminary results of percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation for strength training in children with cerebral palsy.听 The 8th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, Queensland, Australia, July 1-5, 2003.
  27. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Electrical stimulation for strength training the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscles in a child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.听 National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research Training Workshop, Silver Spring, MD, December 9-10, 2003.
  28. Stackhouse SK,听Lee SCK, Schaefer MK, McCarthy JJ, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Electrical stimulation for strength training the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscles in two children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association.听 Tampa, FL, 2003.
  29. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile and fatigue characteristics of quadriceps femoris muscle in children with and without cerebral palsy.听 56th Annual Meeting of The American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, New Orleans, LA, September 11-14, 2002.
  30. Johnston TE,听Lee SCK, Pierce SR, Smith BT. Energy cost of walking in children with cerebral palsy: relation to gross motor function classification system level.听 56th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, New Orleans, LA, September 11-14, 2002.
  31. Stackhouse SK,听Lee SCK, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA.听 Use of a topical anesthetic during the assessment of voluntary muscle activation in children with cerebral palsy.听听Neurology Report听25(4): 148, 2001.
  32. Lee SCK, Vandenborne K. Quantification of metabolism during functional electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle using 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.听 NCMRR Trainee Conference, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, November 7-8, 1999.
  33. Lee SCK, Cullen ML, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of muscle length on the catchlike property in fresh and fatigued human muscle. American College of Sports Medicine 43rd Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, May 29 鈥 June 1, 1996.
  34. Lee SCK, Kurcharski LK, and Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of the catchlike property in human muscle. American College of Sports Medicine 43rd Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, May 29 鈥 June 1, 1996.
  35. Binder-Macleod SA, Kucharski LK,听Lee SCK. Fatiguing effects of the catchlike property in human muscle.听 Experimental Biology 96, Washington, D.C., April 14-17, 1996.
  36. Binder-Macleod SA,听Lee SCK. Catchlike property of human muscle during shortening and lengthening contractions. Society for Neuroscience 23rd Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., November 7-12, 1993.

Lectures:

  1. Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscle: Structure and Contraction Mechanisms, BMEG 401/402 Systems Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 91原创, Newark, DE, September 13, 2012.
  2. Skeletal Muscle Pathology: Injury and Disease.听 University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, Baltimore, MD, October 29th, 2007.
  3. FES 鈥 NMES for Posture Control and Movement.听 91原创, Department of Physical Therapy, Newark, DE, March 18, 2004.
  4. Physiologic Measures of Muscle Function.听 Rehabilitation Medicine Resident鈥檚 Seminar Series.听 Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, November 17, 1999.
  5. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Control of Posture and Movement: FES for Grasping, Reaching and Shoulder Control. 91原创, Department of Physical Therapy, Newark, DE, March 18, 1998; March 15, 1999; March 16, 2000.
  6. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Control of Posture and Movement: FES for Standing and Ambulation.听 91原创, Department of Physical Therapy, Newark, DE, March 16, 1988; March 15, 1999; March 13, 2000.
  7. Muscle Fatigue.听 Beaver College, Department of Physical Therapy, Glenside, PA, October 30, 1997.
  8. Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Injury, Disease, Disuse, and Training.听 Beaver College, Department of Physical Therapy, Glenside, PA, October 23, 1997.
  9. Skeletal Muscle Metabolism.听 Beaver College, Department of Physical Therapy, Glenside, PA, October 16, 1997.
  10. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Control of Posture and Movement.听 91原创, Department of Physical Therapy, Newark, DE, March 17, 1997.

Instructional Courses:

  1. OShea R, Stackhouse SA, Bickel CS, et al.,听Lee SCK.听 Congratulations, you landed a faculty job? 鈥 Now What?听 A promotion and tenure panel discussion and mock dossier review.听 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association. Las Vegas, NV, 2014.
  2. Forrest GF, Faghri P,听Lee SCK, Sisto SA.听 Electrical stimulation from basic science to clinical practice:听 Is it evidence based?听 Stimulation strategies to maximize muscle performance during FES. 90th Annual Conference of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orlando, FL, 2013
  3. Lee SCK, George SZ, Binder-Macleod SA, Chmielewski TL, Lewek MD, Moreau N, Prosser LA.听 The 鈥淏usiness鈥 of Research and Negotiating Your Faculty Position.听 To be presented at the APTA Combined Sections Meeting, San Diego, California, January 2013.
  4. Galloway JC,听Lee SCK. Pimp My Ride! Biodriven Mobility to Enhance Cognition, Socialization, Fitness and Strength 鈥 American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, 65th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV.听 October 12-15, 2011.
  5. Whittaker M, Grey M, Burridge J, Postans N,听Lee SCK听, Taylor P. FES: From Neuroscience to Clinical Practice.听 15th IFESS Annual Conference, Vienna, Austria, 2010.
  6. Backus D,听Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Gregory C, Brach J, Sisto S.听 The road less (or More) travelled:听 The many paths to success in a research Career.听 APTA Combined Sections Meeting, San Diego, CA, February 2010.
  7. Backus D, George S, Johnston TE, Brach J, Hall C,听Lee SCK.听 The business of balancing research, service and teaching: a program for junior faculty.听 APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 2009.
  8. Backus D, George S, Johnston TE, Brach J, Hall C,听Lee SCK.听 Becoming a PT researcher or so I finished my PhD: What do I do now? APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Nashville, TN, February 2008.
  9. Lee SCK, Winstein C, Baker L, Field-Fote E, Sullivan J, Hedman L, Harris-Love, M.听 The Body Electric: Efficacy of Neurostimulation Technologies for Neurorehabilitation.听 A two-day pre-conference instructional course. 听听APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Nashville, TN, February 2008.
  10. Lee, SCK, Stanger M.听 Efficacy and use of NMES and FES in children with cerebral palsy. 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Sept 14-17, Orlando, FL, 2005.
  11. Lee SCK, Johnston TE. Neuromuscular and functional electrical stimulation for therapeutic and functional applications. 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Los Angeles, California, September 29-October 2, 2004.
  12. Johnston TE, Pierce SR,听Lee SCK. A primer on the use of NMES for therapeutic and functional application. NMES for Strength Association.听 Nashville, TN, Feb 5-8. 2004.

Invited Presentations:

  1. Current Perspectives on Research and Treatment for Cerebral Palsy: Electrical stimulation to enhance the exercise dose-response relationship in children with CP.听 Shriners Hospitals for Children, Erie, PA, December 19, 2014.
  2. Innovative techniques for improving gait:听 Stroke and Cerebral Palsy.听 FES to enhance fitness, activity and walking in cerebral palsy.听 7th World Congress of Biomechanics, Boston, MA, July 6-11, 2014
  3. Strength, Fitness and Fun 鈥 What a sensation!听 My research journey to improve motor function of individuals with cerebral palsy.听 A Promotion and Tenure Seminar, 91原创, Department of Physical Therapy, September 25, 2013.
  4. Current Perspectives on Research and Treatment for Cerebral Palsy: Electrical stimulation to enhance the exercise dose-response relationship in children with CP.听 Motor Development Research Consortium, Temple University and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-28, 2013.
  5. Approaches to enhance strength, fitness and function in Children with CP.听 Research Site Visit 2013. Shriners Hospitals for Children Pediatric Research Center, Temple University and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, September 10th, 2013.
  6. Research Network Participation: Applications of Artificial Walking for FES-Assisted Gait in Cerebral Palsy: NIH R13HD062146 Research Network Conference (PI Jessica Rose, PhD, Stanford University).
    • 鈥淩esearch Update: FES to Improve Crouch Gait in CP鈥. At the 68th Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, October 10-13, 2014, San Diego, CA.
    • 鈥淩esearch Update: FES to Improve Crouch Gait in CP鈥. At the Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, October 18, 2013, Milwaukee, WI.
    • 鈥淩esearch Update: FES to Improve Crouch Gait in CP鈥. At the Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, October 18, 2013, Milwaukee, WI.
    • 鈥淩esearch Update: FES to Improve Crouch Gait in CP鈥. By SKYPE at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, September 14, 2012, Toronto, CN.
    • 鈥淩esearch Proposal: Shiners Hospitals for Children FES to Improve Crouch Gait in CP鈥. At the Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, 2011, Las Vegas, NV.
    • Protocol and outcome measure development. At the Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, September 21, 2010, Washington D.C.
    • 鈥淯se of a Predictive Mathematical Model of Muscle Forces for Children with CP to Estimate Optimum Stimulation Frequencies鈥. Network Meeting, Stanford University, April, 2010.
    • 鈥淔ES Applications for CP at Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia鈥. Initial Network Meeting at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, 2009, Scottsdale, AZ.
  7. FES-Assisted Cycling To Improve Fitness And Strength In Children With Cerebral Palsy. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, January 26th, 2012.
  8. Strengthening In Children With CP: Past, Current and Future Work.听 Shriners Hospitals for Children Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, January 18th, 2011.
  9. Strengthening In Kids With CP: What Are The Opportunities For Additional Studies? 听Shriners Hospitals for Children 鈥淭hink Tank鈥 Meeting on Pediatric Clinical Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA.听 December 16-18, 2010
  10. FES-Assisted Cycling To Improve Fitness And Strength In Children With Cerebral Palsy. Biomechanics and Movement Science Seminar. 91原创, Newark, DE.听 December 6, 2010
  11. The Use Of NMES And FES To Enhance Strength And Fitness Training In Children With Cerebral Palsy . University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, March 17, 2009.
  12. The Use Of NMES And FES To Enhance Strength And Fitness Training In Children With Cerebral Palsy . University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, March 17, 2009.
  13. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 Schreiber Pediatric Rehabilitation Center of Lancaster County, Lancaster, PA, September 18, 2008.
  14. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 The Children鈥檚 Therapy Center, Sterling, VA, June 19, 2008.
  15. Grand Rounds: Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.听 Bethesda, MD, April 3, 2007
  16. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 Burlington County Special Services School District, Westampton, NJ, December 18, 2007.
  17. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility. Eastern Carolina University, Department of Physical Therapy, Greenville, NC, December 15, 2006.
  18. Functional Electrical Stimulation for Strengthening in CP, Brachial Plexus Injury: Early Therapeutic and Surgical Intervention. Joint educational conference.听 July 23, 2007.Children鈥檚 Developmental Services Agencies, Wilmington, NC 鈥 host site; Eastern Carolina University, Greenville, NC (Videoconference site); TelAbility, Chapel Hill, NC, (Videoconference Site).
  19. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 2007 Pediatric Physical Therapy Conference., Wilmington, DE, May 3, 2007
  20. Electrical Stimulation: from Research to Intervention, Children鈥檚 Hospital of Philadelphia, Lynette Byarm Fellowship Lecture Series Course: Philadelphia, PA, April 4, 2007.
  21. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 AI DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE February 26, 2007.
  22. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, February 21, 2007.
  23. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, December 15, 2006.
  24. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 Jardine Academy for Cerebral Palsy.听 Union, NJ, December 13, 2006.
  25. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 Shriners Hospitals for Children. Tampa, FL, Sept 25, 2006
  26. Strength Training Using NMES for Children with Cerebral Palsy. 91原创, Department of Physical therapy, Newark, DE, Sept 8, 2006
  27. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Strength Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Denver Children鈥檚 Hospital, Denver, Co, March 22, 2006.
  28. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Strength Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy鈥. Regis University, Denver, Co, March 22, 2006.
  29. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Strength Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Children鈥檚 Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.听 March, 30, 2006
  30. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility. 听Pittsburgh Marquette Challenge Continuing Education Series fundraiser for the Foundation for Physical Therapy.听 Pittsburgh, PA, February 25th, 2006.
  31. Advances in Use of Electrical Stimulation for Cerebral Palsy to Improve Strength and Mobility.听 The 11th Annual Conference of The Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and The Kluge Children鈥檚
  32. Rehabilitation Center and Research Institute at the University of Virginia, December 2-3, 2005.
    Management Strategies for Motor Impairments in Children with Neuromuscular Conditions. Charlottesville, VA, December 2nd 鈥 3rd, 2005.
  33. A Primer on the Use of NMES for Therapeutic and Functional Application:听 NMES for Strength Training in Children with Neuromuscular Disorders:听 2004 Missouri Physical Therapy Association Spring Conference, Lake of the Ozarks, MO, April 16-18, 2004.
  34. NMES for Strength Training in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.听 Shriners Hospitals for Children Annual Cerebral Palsy Conference. 鈥 Strategies to Improve Quality of Care for the Child with Cerebral Palsy. Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, April 11, 2003.
  35. Voluntary Activation, Contractile and Fatigue Characteristics of Quadriceps Femoris and Triceps Surae Muscles in Children with and without Cerebral Palsy.听 Temple University Neuroscience Seminar Series. Philadelphia, PA, October 25, 2002.
  36. Optimization of Isotonic Performance of Human Skeletal Muscle.听 The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, 19th Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, January 5-8, 2000.
  37. Optimization of Isotonic Performance of Human Skeletal Muscle.听 American Physical Therapy Association 鈥 Pennsylvania Chapter Research Seminar Series, Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, October 13, 1999.
  38. Optimization of Isotonic Performance of Human Skeletal Muscle.听 Research Seminar Series, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, July 23, 1999.
  39. Variable-frequency Train Activation of Human Quadriceps Femoris Muscle During Isotonic Contractions:听 Burst Modulation. Research Seminar Series, Cleveland, OH, May 26, 1999.

Current Graduate Students

PhD Students:
Reza Khoeilar, MS, PhD student, Biomedical Engineering Program, 91原创, 2014 鈥 present.
Ahad Behoodi, MS, PhD student, Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, 91原创, 2013 鈥 present.
Anastasia Zarkou, PT, MS, PhD student, Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, 91原创, 2011 鈥 present.
Nicole Zahradka, MS, PhD student, Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, 91原创, 2010 鈥 present.

Interns:
Laura Prosser, MSPT, PhD student, Temple University, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, Fall 2005 鈥 Spring 2006. Resulted in the peer-reviewed paper: Johnston TE, Prosser LA,听Lee SCK.听 Differences in Pedal Forces during Recumbent Cycling in Adolescents with and without Cerebral Palsy,听Clinical Biomechanics, 2008, 23(2):248-51. Epub 2007 Oct 22. PMID: 17950505
Greta Von der Luft, PT, Med, PhD student, Temple University, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, Fall, 2002.

Dissertation and Thesis Committees

Elena Kikkoni, MS (committee),听听Biomechanics and Movement Science, 2014, University of 听Delaware, Newark, DE.
Project Title:听The effects of body weight support system (BWSS) training
Advisor:听Cole Galloway

Mohamad Shafiee Motahar,听 MS (committee),听听Mechanical Engineering, 2014, University of 听Delaware, Newark, DE.
Project Title:听Locomotion controllers for cooperative human-humanoid object transportation.
Advisor:听Ioannis Poulakakis

David Clizbe, MS (committee),听听Department of Health Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, 2008-2011, 91原创, Newark, DE.
Project Title:听Hand Function Deficits in People with Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy.
Advisor:听Nancy Getchell

Ann Tokay, MSPT, PhD Student. (advisee), Department of Physical Therapy, 2006 鈥 2011, 91原创, Newark, DE.
Project Title: The Feasibility of Using Functional Electrical Stimulation Assisted Cycling in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Awards: APTA Foundation for PT Promotion of Doctoral Studies II Scholarship 2008-2009, $15,000.

Laura Prosser, MSPT, PhD Student. (co-advisee), Department of Physical Therapy, 2007 鈥 present, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Project Title: Trunk And Hip Muscle Activation Patters In Early Walkers With And Without Cerebral Palsy.
Awards: Clinical Research Grant, American Physical Therapy Association Section on Pediatrics 2008-2009, $5,000.

Li-Wei Chou, PT, PhD Student., Biomechanics and Movement Science 2001 鈥 present, 91原创, Newark, DE.
Project Title: New Strategies To Maintain Paralyzed Muscle Force Output During Repetitive Electrically Elicited Contractions.

Therese Johnston, MSPT, PhD (co-advisee), Department of Physical Therapy, 2000-2006, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Project Title:听The Biomechanics Of Cycling In Children With And Without Cerebral Palsy.

Wayne Scott, MPT, PhD-听Biomechanics and Movement Science, 1999-2004.听91原创, Newark, DE.
Project Title:听Electrically Elicited Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Performance In People With Spinal Cord Injury.

Mike Kebaetse, PT, PhD鈥撎Biomechanics and Movement Science,听1998-2004. 91原创听, Newark, DE.
Project Title:听Strategies That Improve Skeletal Muscle Performance During Electrically Elicited, Repetitive Non-Isometric Contractions In Healthy Subjects And Subjects With Spinal Cord Injury.

Scott Stackhouse, PT, PhD (co-advisee)-听Biomechanics and Movement Science, 1998- 2003. 91原创, Newark, DE.
Project Title:听Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Of The Quadriceps Femoris And Triceps Surae Muscles In Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Mentored Research Projects

Kari Vander Wiele, Andrea Nichol, Jamie Iwanczewski.听Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, present.
Project Title:听A Systematic Comparison Of The Central Activation Ratio And The Interpolation Technique For Estimating Central Drive:听 Issues Of Voluntary Force And Type Of Electrical Stimulus.

Lauren Edwards, Sarah Wright.听Department Of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, Present.
Project Title:听鈥淪trength Training In Children With CP: Relationships Of Strength To Function.鈥

Heather Boyd, Jared Hoover, Kristin Lowe.听Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, present.
Project Title:听The Development Of A Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment Protocol During Stationary Cycling In Children With And Without Cerebral Palsy 鈥 A Pilot Study.

Stephanie McBride, DPT and Patricia Young-Swiderski, DPT. Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA,
2004.
Project Title:听The Development Of A Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment Protocol During Stationary Cycling In Children With And Without Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.

M. Bhowmil, M. Ginder, J., Greising, M., Kleinberg, D. Lind. Department of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 2004.
Project Title:听Instrumented Bike Pedals for Use In Functional Electric Stimulation. Submitted to Dr. Allon Guez, Dr. Samuel C.K. Lee and the Senior Design Project Committee of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Drexel University.

Chris Gorrell, DPT听Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, 2003.
Research Project: Muscle Contractile And Activation Characteristics Of Children With And Without Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Kristine N. Yapsuga, DPT; Kristine M. Larson, DPT.听Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, 2003.
Research Project:听Reliability Of Methods To Assess Voluntary Activation, Contractile Properties And Fatigability Of The Quadriceps Femoris Muscle In Healthy Adults.

Kevin Banks, MSPT; Matt Muskett, MSPT; Bob Gieringer, MSPT; Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University,
Glenside, PA, 2002.
Project Title:听Comparison Of Two Methods To Estimate Central Activation Of The Quadriceps Femoris Muscle In Healthy Adults.

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