91原创

The official title is the 91原创. On second reference and in headlines, 鈥�91原创鈥� is preferred. 鈥�91原创鈥� does NOT require a call-out 鈥�91原创鈥� following the first reference to be abbreviated in subsequent references.听

Such constructions as 鈥淯 of D,鈥� 鈥淯ofD,鈥� 鈥渢he U of the D,鈥� and 鈥�91原创el鈥� are not used. Do not use periods in 鈥�91原创.鈥�

When referring to the University as 鈥�91原创,鈥� do not use 鈥渢he鈥濃�攅.g., 鈥淥fficials at 91原创 confirmed 鈥�.鈥� However, use 鈥渢he鈥� in instances where 鈥�91原创鈥� is merely a modifier鈥攅.g., 鈥淭he 91原创 sophomore has won two awards.鈥�

When 鈥�91原创 is followed by a college name, 鈥�91原创鈥� may or may not take the possessive form. For instance, 鈥淭he 91原创 College of Arts and Sciences鈥� or 鈥淭he 91原创鈥檚 College of Arts and Sciences.鈥�

When 鈥�91原创" is followed by the name of a center, institute or program, 鈥�91原创鈥� is possessive鈥攅.g., 鈥淭he 91原创鈥檚 Data Science Institute."

Capitalize 鈥淯niversity鈥� standing alone when referring to the 91原创.听

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91原创 Text Marks

The University does not use other institutions鈥� registered marks, service marks or trademarks (庐, SM, 鈩�), but capitalizes the marked text according to AP style.

The 91原创 does not have a tagline. Use of former taglines鈥攅.g., 鈥淒are to be first鈥濃�攊s prohibited.听

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When identifying 91原创鈥檚 colleges, observe the following style:

• College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (not 鈥淐ollege of Ag鈥� or 鈥淎g鈥�);

• College of Arts and Sciences (not Science);

• Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics;

• College of Earth, Ocean and Environment;

• College of Education and Human Development;

• College of Engineering;听

• College of Health Sciences;

• Graduate College; and

• Honors College (not 鈥淗onors program鈥�).

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The colleges may be abbreviated as follows:

• College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR);

• College of Arts and Sciences (CAS);

• College of Earth, Ocean and Environment (CEOE);

• College of Education and Human Development (CEHD);

• College of Engineering (COE);听

• College of Health Sciences (CHS);

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NOTE: The Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics does not abbreviate its name; however, on second reference it is 鈥渢he Lerner College.鈥� Neither the Graduate College nor Honors College are abbreviated.

In copy, college names are not written with an ampersand (&); however, in graphic applications鈥攅.g., logos, banners, marketing and collateral materials鈥攁n ampersand may replace 鈥渁nd.鈥�

Do not capitalize 鈥渃ollege鈥� when standing alone.

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Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration is 91原创鈥檚 only free-standing school and operates much like a college. The full name must be used on first reference; on second reference, 鈥渢he Biden School鈥� may be used.听

There are three additional schools that are embedded in colleges:

• School of Education: College of Education and Human Development
• School of Marine Science and Policy: College of Earth, Ocean and Environment
• School of Music: College of Arts and Sciences

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Capitalize the proper names of departments and offices鈥攅.g., 鈥淒epartment of History,鈥� 鈥�91原创 Teacher Residency Program,鈥� 鈥淥ffice of Communications and Marketing.鈥� However, in informal use, departments and offices are lowercased: 鈥渢he history department,鈥� 鈥渢he residency program.鈥�

Courses of study, such as biological sciences and sociology, are lowercased.听

In copy, department and office names do not take ampersands; write out 鈥渁nd.鈥�

However, in graphic applications鈥攅.g., logos, banners, marketing and collateral materials鈥攁n ampersand may replace 鈥渁nd.鈥�

91原创鈥檚 academic departments/schools, by college, are listed in the .听

College degrees are lowercased when spelled out鈥攅.g., 鈥渁ssociate in arts,鈥� 鈥渂achelor of science,鈥� 鈥渕aster of arts.鈥�

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Degree programs are also lowercased鈥攅.g., 鈥渂achelor of science in mathematics,鈥� 鈥渂achelor of arts in East Asian studies,鈥� 鈥渕aster of science in electrical and computer engineering.鈥�

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Capitalize the full name of any degree program that is unique to 91原创鈥攅.g., 鈥淟ongwood Graduate Program in Public Horticulture鈥濃�攂ut lowercase the degree conferred: 鈥渕aster of public horticulture.鈥�

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Degrees are capitalized and take periods when abbreviated鈥攅.g., 鈥淏.A. in anthropology,鈥� 鈥淢.S. in education.鈥� The associate in arts degree (note: 鈥渋n,鈥� not 鈥渙f鈥�) is never abbreviated. In general, avoid using abbreviations for all degrees.

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Use an apostrophe in 鈥渂achelor鈥檚 degree鈥� and 鈥渕aster鈥檚 degree.鈥� DO NOT use an apostrophe (or an 鈥渟鈥�) in 鈥渁ssociate degree.鈥�

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A doctorate is a 鈥淧h.D.鈥� 鈥淧h.D.s鈥� is its plural form. When possible, use 鈥渄octorate鈥� over 鈥淧h.D.鈥濃�攅.g., 鈥淪he holds a doctorate in biomechanics.鈥�

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A 鈥渄octoral student鈥� is any student enrolled in a Ph.D. program. A 鈥渄octoral candidate鈥� is a doctoral student who has finished all degree requirements excluding the thesis/dissertation.

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91原创 offers a handful of听 professional science master鈥檚 degrees. On second reference, 鈥減rofessional science master鈥檚鈥� may be abbreviated 鈥淧SM.鈥� Spelled out, the term is lowercased.

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When abbreviating specialized degrees, place a period after every discrete part of the degree title, for example:

• Doctor of Education: Ed.D.

• Bachelor of Chemical Engineering: B.Ch.E.

• Bachelor of Applied Science: B.A.Sc.

• Master of Civil Engineering: M.C.E.

• Master of Science and Engineering: M.S.E.

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Do not capitalize 鈥渄egree,鈥� as in 鈥渄octor of divinity degree.鈥�

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Do not capitalize 鈥渉onors degree鈥� or 鈥渉onors degree with distinction.鈥� Honors degree recipients satisfy all the coursework and GPA requirements of 91原创鈥檚 Honors College; honors degree with distinction recipients satisfy those requirements and complete and defend an honors thesis.

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Graduating 鈥渨ith honors鈥� is not the same as graduating with an honors degree. 鈥淲ith honors鈥� indicates that the student has graduated summa cum laude, magna cum laude or cum laude. The Latin terms are not italicized or capitalized. Criteria governing the conferring of the honors appear in the 91原创 Catalog.

The 91原创 has more than 80 research centers and institutes. For a list, visit . Ten research institutes and centers are administered centrally by the Research Office:

• Center for Clean Hydrogen听

• Center for Plastics Innovation

• Data Science Institute (DSI)

• Delaware Biotechnology Institute (DBI)

• Delaware Energy Institute (91原创EI)

• Delaware Environmental Institute (DENIN)

• Disaster Research Center (DRC)

• Institute for Energy Conversion (IEC)

• Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS)

• National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL)

Capitalize the names of University structures when using their full titles鈥攅.g., 鈥淕eneral Services Building.鈥澨�Following are campus buildings and locations that are frequently misidentified.

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鈥嬧�婣CCESS Center is, in most instances, preferred over the center鈥檚 full name (Adult Center for Continuing Education Student Services).

Acierno Arena is located in the Bob Carpenter Sports/Convocation Center.

Alfred Lerner Hall houses classrooms of the Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics.

the Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center, located on 91原创's STAR Campus,听is the scientific epicenter for 91原创鈥檚 biopharmaceutical sciences initiative. It is also home to听NIIMBL. The full name is to be used; AP Bio is not an approved abbreviation.

the Apple Authorized Campus Store is located in the 91原创 Barnes and Noble Bookstore. The full title must be used on all references. Note that the store sells Apple branded products only to 91原创 students, faculty and staff with 91原创 ID.

Arsht Hall is located in Wilmington, Delaware.

Bayard Sharp Hall is the former St. Thomas Church located at Elkton Road and Delaware Avenue (Note: There is also a Sharp Hall, which is a residence hall, and Sharp Laboratory on The Green.)

the Bob Carpenter Center is formally the Bob Carpenter Sports/Convocation Center. It is located on Route 896, south of Delaware Stadium. Use its full name for formal events and ceremonies. Informally, it is known as 鈥淭he Bob.鈥� Its abbreviation is 鈥淏CC.鈥�

Brown Hall is a residence hall on The Green, next to Main Street.

Brown Laboratory houses the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

the Carpenter Sports Building is located north of Main Street. Informally, it is known as 鈥渢he Little Bob鈥� or 鈥渢he Lil Bob.鈥� Its abbreviation is 鈥淐SB.鈥�

the Carvel Center in Georgetown, Delaware, is formally the Elbert N. and Ann V. Carvel Research and Education Center.

the Center for Political Communication does not take an 鈥渟鈥� on 鈥淐ommunication.鈥�

Central Campus, in Newark, is bounded by Cleveland Avenue, Academy Street, Park Place and Orchard Road. It houses the majority of University buildings.

Clayton Hall is formally John M. Clayton Hall, located on the Laird Campus.

The College School, at 459 Wyoming Rd., is operated by the College of Education and Human Development and serves students in grades 1-8. (Note: 鈥淭he鈥� is capitalized.) With the Early Learning Center and the Laboratory Preschool, it is part of the informal 鈥淐hildren鈥檚 Campus.鈥�

The Colonnade, located between Smith and Purnell halls, uses a capital 鈥渢鈥� in 鈥淭he.鈥�

Courtyard Newark at the 91原创 is the official hotel of the 91原创 and a Marriott franchise. The hotel, located on the Laird Campus, is owned by the 91原创 and managed by the Shaner Hotel Group.

the Delaware Biotechnology Institute is part of the 91原创, and is supported by public and private sources. It is located in the Delaware Technology Park in Newark.

the Delaware Geological Survey may be shortened to 鈥淪urvey鈥� or DGS on second reference.

Delaware Stadium is located on the South Campus and houses Tubby Raymond Field.

Du Pont Hall is formally P.S. du Pont Hall. It houses the College of Engineering. The Amy E. du Pont Music Building is the home of the School of Music. The Lammot du Pont Laboratory is the chemistry/ biochemistry/marine biochemistry laboratory. (Note the听 spelling听 of听 鈥淟ammot.鈥�)

du Pont is used when referring to family members (e.g., former Gov. Pierre S. du Pont IV) and the hotel (Hotel du Pont). The company is DuPont. (Note: There is no space between 鈥淒u鈥� and听 鈥淧ont.鈥�) The hospital is the Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children.

the Early Learning Center is operated by the College of Education and Human Development in two locations鈥� at 489 Wyoming Rd. in Newark and in Wilmington鈥檚 Southbridge neighborhood. It serves infants through school-aged children. With The College School and the Laboratory Preschool, the Early Learning Center鈥檚 Newark location is part of the informal 鈥淐hildren鈥檚 Campus.鈥�

East Campus, in Newark, is bounded by Main Street, Chapel Street, Park Place and Academy Street.

Frazer Field is located behind the Carpenter Sports Building (the Little Bob). There is no 鈥渋鈥� in 鈥淔razer.鈥�

the Michael and Rosann Geltzeiler Trading Center (or Geltzeiler Trading Center) is located in Purnell Hall.

The Green used to be 鈥淭he Mall.鈥� (Note: 鈥淭he鈥� is capitalized.)

Health Sciences Complex is located on the STAR Campus.

There are two ice arenas鈥攖he Fred Rust Ice Arena (鈥淩ust Arena鈥� on second reference) and the Gold Ice Arena鈥攂oth located on the South Campus. Public skating sessions and skating exhibitions are held in the Rust Arena.

Patrick T. Harker Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Laboratory may be referred to as Harker Lab or Harker ISE Lab on second reference.

James Smith Hall is a residence hall on the Laird Campus.

the Laboratory Preschool, at 459 Wyoming Rd., is operated by the College of Education and Human Development and serves children ages 2鈥�6. With the Early Learning Center and The College School, it is part of the informal 鈥淐hildren鈥檚 Campus.鈥�

Laird Campus, in Newark, is north of the Central Campus and houses Clayton Hall, the Courtyard Newark at the 91原创, the Ray Street Complex, Christiana Towers Apartments, Pencader Dining Hall and the James Smith, Thomas McKean, George Read and Independence residence halls.

The 91原创 Library, Museums and Press refers to the entire library system鈥攊.e., the main Hugh M. Morris Library; three branch libraries (the Chemistry Library in Newark, the Physics Library in Newark and the Marine Studies Library in Lewes); and the Library Annex in Newark, as well as the Old College Gallery, Mechanical Hall Gallery, Mineralogical Museum and the 91原创 Press.

Mentors鈥� Circle takes an apostrophe after the 鈥渟.鈥�

Morris Library is formally the Hugh M. Morris Library. The building is only part of the 91原创 Library.

Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes (OLLI) at the 91原创 are located in Wilmington, Dover and Lewes/Ocean View.

Raymond Field is formally Tubby Raymond Field and is located in Delaware Stadium.

the Science, Technology and Advanced Research (STAR) Campus is located on Route 896, west of the University Farm. It may be called the STAR Campus on second reference. Avoid referring to it as the former Chrysler Assembly Plant if possible.听

The Tower at STAR (not STAR Tower) is the official name for the 10-story office tower housing state-of-the-art classrooms and labs along with high-tech commercial tenants.

Sharp Campus is formally the Hugh R. Sharp Campus in Lewes, Delaware.

Sharp Laboratory is a classroom and office building on The Green. Sharp Hall is a residence hall on The Green. (Note: There is also Bayard Sharp Hall, which is the former St. Thomas Church on South Main Street.)

Smith Hall is a classroom and office building on the Central Campus. James Smith Hall is a residence hall on the Laird Campus. Smith Lab is formally the Otis H. Smith Laboratory on the Hugh R.Sharp Campus in Lewes, Delaware.

Smyth Hall is a residence hall on the Central Campus.

South Campus, in Newark, is south of the Central Campus and houses the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the David M. Nelson Athletic Complex.

Theatre, not 鈥渢heater,鈥� is used consistently鈥攅.g., 鈥淒epartment of Theatre,鈥� 鈥淗arrington Theatre Arts Company,鈥� 鈥�400-seat theatre,鈥� with the exception of Trabant University Center Theater.

the research farm in Georgetown, Delaware, is the Thurman G. Adams Agricultural Research Farm.

91原创 Barnes and Noble Bookstore is acceptable on all references. The bookstore (lowercase 鈥渂ookstore鈥� without 鈥�91原创鈥� preceding it) is located at 83 East Main St. The building (3rd floor) also houses the University鈥檚 Office of Development and Alumni Relations.

91原创airy Creamery is an ice cream processing facility and storefront operated by the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, with locations on the Newark campus. Do not use 91原创 Creamery.

the Virden Center is formally the Virden Retreat Center and is located in Lewes, Delaware. the Visitors Center is plural, not possessive.

West Campus, in Newark, formerly indicated the Rodney Complex and the Dickinson Complex, west of South Main Street. Both those residence hall complexes closed in May 2015.

the Willard Hall Education Building is named for U.S. Rep. Willard Hall (1780鈥� 1875). Therefore, do NOT refer to the building as Willard Hall.

Winterthur or the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library is a museum of American decorative arts, and was formerly the 鈥淲interthur Museum & Country Estate.鈥� The Winterthur/91原创 Program in Art Conservation, commonly abbreviated 鈥淲91原创PAC,鈥� is a graduate program training art conservation professionals.

鈥淎lumni鈥� is plural and refers to male attendees or graduates, as well as groups of male and female attendees/graduates; 鈥渁lumnae鈥� is plural and refers to female attendees/graduates. 鈥淎lumnus鈥� is singular and refers to a male attendee/graduate; 鈥渁lumna鈥� is singular and refers to a female attendee/graduate.

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Students who have completed more than 30 credit hours are considered alumni, so be aware that the term 鈥渁lumnus鈥� is not necessarily synonymous with 鈥済raduate.鈥�

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When identifying alumni, use college and class year. Use an apostrophe when abbreviating class year鈥攅.g., 鈥淐lass of 鈥�44.鈥� Note: The apostrophe faces the missing numbers.

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If the college name has changed, the current name is used. For example, an alumna of the former College of Marine and Earth Studies would be: 鈥淢olly Bloom, a 2006 graduate of the College of Earth, Ocean and Environment 鈥�.鈥�

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Similarly, if a department or program has moved from one college to another, the new college name is used to identify alumni. For instance, a 2010 graduate with a degree in sport management would be identified as an alumnus of the Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics, even though the program was housed in the College of Health Sciences at the time of graduation.

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Note: The 91原创 Magazine (formerly the Messenger) uses an abbreviation to indicate the college from which an alumnus graduated (with the year of graduation immediately following)鈥攅.g., 鈥淛ohn Brown, EG84, is now president of the Smith Group.鈥� The abbreviations are as follows:

• College of Agriculture and Natural Resources: ANR

• College of Arts and Sciences: AS

• Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics: BE

• College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment: EOE

• College of Education and Human Development: EHD

• College of Engineering: EG

• College of Health Sciences: HS

• Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration: BSPA

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Additionally the 91原创 Magazine uses the following degree abbreviations:

• Master鈥檚 degree: MS

• Doctoral degrees: EPH, EDD, DPT

• Honorary degree: H

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鈥淎lma mater鈥� refers to a school one has attended or from which one has graduated. The term is lowercased. Do not italicize 鈥渁lma mater,鈥� unless referring to the University鈥檚 hymn.

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Capitalize a title immediately preceding a name, but lowercase the title if it follows the name or stands by itself.

For example:

• President Walter Hullihen听 BUT听 Walter Hullihen, president of the University听

• Sen. Tom Carper听 BUT听 Tom Carper, U.S. senator

• Gen. W. A. Black BUT听 the general听

Courtesy titles, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss and Dr., are not used鈥攅ven on first reference鈥� except when referring to the deceased. (鈥淒r.鈥� may be used when referring to a doctor of medicine if the connection is integral to the piece of writing.)

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Honorifics, such as Sen., Rep., Hon. and Gen., are used on first reference. On second reference, use the last name only.

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If two or more people share a last name, use their full names on all references in formal writing. In informal writing, first name only on second reference is acceptable.

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The titles of named professors are always capitalized: 鈥淗arry Angstrom, H. Fletcher Brown Professor of Mineralogy.鈥�

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Consult the Faculty Affairs website听for a list of named professors.

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Use 鈥渙f鈥� after 鈥減rofessor,鈥� 鈥渁ssociate professor,鈥� 鈥渁ssistant professor鈥� and 鈥渁djunct professor.鈥� Example: 鈥淓lizabeth Bennett, associate professor of communication, led the discussion.鈥�

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Use 鈥渋n鈥� after 鈥渋nstructor鈥� and 鈥渓ecturer.鈥� Example: 鈥淯riah Heep, instructor in finance, guided the tour.鈥�

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If identifying faculty by department, it is 鈥淓lizabeth Bennett, associate professor in the Department of Communication鈥� or 鈥淯riah Heep, instructor in the Department of Finance.鈥�

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鈥淓meritus鈥� (male) or 鈥渆merita鈥� (female) is added after a title to denote that the individual has retired but retains his or her rank or status. However, the title is not automatically conferred upon retirement. Therefore, be sure retired professors, deans, presidents, etc., are so recognized before using the word. Capitalize 鈥渆meritus/emerita鈥� when it precedes the name in a title鈥攅.g., 鈥淒ean Emerita Emma Bovary.鈥� Lowercase the word when it is used after the name鈥攅.g., 鈥淭om Joad, professor emeritus of physics.鈥� Do not italicize either word. 鈥淓meriti鈥� is the plural form: 鈥淲illa Cather and Saul Bellow, professors emeriti 鈥�.鈥�

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The Nobel Prize (both 鈥淣obel鈥� and 鈥淧rize鈥� are capitalized) is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel Prizes are awarded in literature, physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry, and for peace鈥攅.g., 鈥淣obel Prize in Physics鈥�; 鈥淣obel Prize for Peace鈥� or 鈥淣obel Peace Prize.鈥� The prize in economics is technically the 鈥淭he Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel鈥� and is听 awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

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A 鈥淣obel laureate鈥� is any winner of a Nobel Prize. Lowercase 鈥渓aureate,鈥� even when it precedes a name: 鈥淣obel laureate Richard Heck鈥�; 鈥�2010 Chemistry laureate Richard Heck.鈥�

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The Rhodes scholarship is the oldest international fellowship. A scholarship recipient is a 鈥淩hodes scholar.鈥� Note: 鈥淪cholar鈥� and 鈥渟cholarship鈥� are lowercased in all instances: 鈥淩hodes scholar Matthew Watters.鈥�

University policy does not permit a registered student organization (RSO) to use the term 鈥�91原创鈥� before its title, as student groups are independent, autonomous organizations over which the University has no direct control. A student group may use the term 鈥�91原创鈥� only after its name鈥攅.g., 鈥淓-52 Student Theatre at the 91原创鈥� or 鈥淗illel Center at the 91原创.鈥�

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In print, RSOs should use 鈥渞egistered student organization of the 91原创鈥� to identify their association with 91原创.

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The University has three spirit teams: the 91原创 cheerleading team, the 91原创 dance team, and the 91原创 mascot team. The teams鈥� names are not capitalized.

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The University has four choral ensembles: 91原创 Chorale, University Singers, Concert Choir and Schola Cantorum (not italicized). All ensemble names are capitalized.

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Capitalize 鈥�91原创 Marching Band.鈥�

The Board of Trustees (capitalized) is the governing body of the University. For the Board of Trustees, 鈥渃hair鈥� is used鈥攏ot 鈥渃hairperson,鈥� 鈥渃hairman鈥� or 鈥渃hairwoman.鈥�

The formal names of the standing trustee committees follow:

• Trustee Committee on Academic Affairs

• Trustee Committee on Finance

• Trustee Committee on Grounds and Buildings

• Trustee/Faculty Committee on Honorary Degrees and Awards

• Trustee Committee on Public Affairs and Advancement

• Trustee Committee on Student Life and Athletics

There are visiting committees which are listed on the Board of Trustees website. (Note: 鈥淰isiting board鈥� is incorrect.)

Do not capitalize 鈥渂oard鈥� standing alone when referring to the Board of Trustees. Do not capitalize 鈥渢rustee鈥� or 鈥渢rustees鈥� standing alone.

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The University鈥檚 varsity teams鈥攎en鈥檚 and women鈥檚鈥攁re, formally, the 鈥淏lue Hens鈥� and, informally, the 鈥淔ightin鈥� Blue Hens鈥� (not 鈥淔ighting鈥�). The Fightin鈥� Blue Hen is the University鈥檚 mascot. Its name is 鈥淵o91原创ee.鈥� The 鈥淯鈥� and 鈥淒鈥� are capitalized. Yo91原创ee鈥檚 sibling is 鈥淏aby Blue.鈥� Both mascots are genderless, and each should be referred to as 鈥渋t,鈥� not 鈥渉e鈥� or 鈥渟he.鈥�

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Generally, when using the terms 鈥淏lue Hen鈥� or 鈥淏lue Hens,鈥� the adjectival form is 鈥淏lue Hen,鈥� and the noun can be either 鈥淏lue Hen鈥� or 鈥淏lue Hens鈥� depending on the usage. For example, 鈥淏lue Hen pride,鈥� not 鈥淏lue Hens pride鈥�; and 鈥淗e is a proud Blue Hen鈥� or 鈥淭here were four Blue Hens in the wedding party.鈥�

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If in doubt, use lowercase rather than capital letters.

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Lowercase the names of the classes: 鈥済raduate鈥� (not 鈥減ostgraduate鈥�), 鈥渟enior,鈥� 鈥渏unior,鈥� 鈥渟ophomore鈥� and 鈥渇irst-year student.鈥� Note: 鈥淔irst-year student鈥� is preferred over 鈥渇reshman.鈥�

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Lowercase 鈥渇raternity,鈥� 鈥渟orority鈥� and 鈥渃hapter鈥濃�攅.g., 鈥淎lpha Tau Omega fraternity鈥�; 鈥淕amma chapter.鈥�

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Lowercase 鈥渟tate鈥� when not used as part of a title, even when referring to the state of Delaware or one of its agencies鈥攅.g., 鈥渟tate support of 91原创,鈥� but 鈥淒elaware Department of State,鈥� 鈥淒elaware State Senate.鈥�

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Lowercase 鈥渃ity鈥� in 鈥渃ity of Newark鈥� and when standing alone. Capitalize the names of schools and colleges of other universities.

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Capitalize 鈥淐lass鈥� when joined with a year鈥攅.g., 鈥淭he Class of 2009 announced its gift,鈥� or 鈥淭he Class of 鈥�44 will hold its reunion.鈥�

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Capitalize 鈥淗omecoming,鈥� 鈥淭wilight Induction Ceremony,鈥� Coast Day,鈥� 鈥淣ewark Community Day鈥� (not 鈥淒ays鈥�), 鈥淎g Day鈥� (not AG Day) and other major, annual campus events.

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Capitalize 鈥淐ommencement.鈥�

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Capitalize 鈥淪ummer Session鈥� and 鈥淲inter Session,鈥� but lowercase 鈥渟pring semester鈥� and 鈥渇all semester.鈥�

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Capitalize each letter in 鈥淎RAMARK.鈥�

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An organization鈥檚 name is written out on first reference and may be abbreviated on all subsequent references. For example, on second reference, the 鈥淒elaware Biotechnology Institute鈥� may be abbreviated 鈥淒BI.鈥� On the first reference, the abbreviation, encased in parentheses, follows the name: 鈥淭he Delaware Biotechnology Institute (DBI) is a partnership 鈥�.鈥�

Only well-known abbreviations may be used on first reference鈥攅.g., AFL-CIO, PTA, YMCA, YWCA, FBI, ROTC, U.S., U.N.

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Lowercase 鈥渆mail.鈥� It does not take a hyphen. Lowercase 鈥渇ax.鈥� It is not an acronym. 鈥淗omepage鈥� is one word.

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鈥淚nternet鈥� is not capitalized (unless at the start of a sentence). 鈥淥nline鈥� is one word, not hyphenated.

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Lowercase 鈥渨eb,鈥� 鈥渨ebsite鈥� and 鈥渨eb page.鈥� Note that 鈥渨ebsite鈥� is one word. Use 鈥溾�� in front of 鈥渦del.edu.鈥� A return, placed at an appropriate break, may be added in a long URL or email address to make the text flow more uniformly, but care needs to be taken should a layout change cause text to reflow. Do not use 鈥渉ttp://鈥� or 鈥渉ttps://鈥� in URLs that do not require it.

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Telephone numbers take a dash between the area code and exchange, and between the exchange and number鈥攅.g., 302-831-2000. Do not use parentheses or periods to separate any component.

One space follows all punctuation, including periods and colons.

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Periods and commas are always placed inside quotation marks; all other punctuation is placed outside quotation marks, unless part of the material being quoted.

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Italicize the titles of books, plays, long poems, collections of shorter works (e.g., anthologies, albums), newspapers, magazines, films and television programs. Enclose in quotation marks the titles of articles, essays, short stories and poems, book chapters and television episodes.

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The University does not use the serial comma (the comma following the second-to-last item in a series), in accordance with AP guidelines. When the absence of a serial comma compromises clarity, use the comma鈥攅ven though it has not been used throughout.

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Place a comma after all dates that include the year: 鈥淎ccording to your April 15, 2009, letter鈥�.鈥� However, commas do not separate seasons and months (without dates) from their years: 鈥淭he report will be released in spring 2009.鈥� 鈥淪he expected the letter in May 2010.鈥� (Note: Seasons鈥攆all, winter, spring and summer鈥攁re lowercased.)

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Place a comma after all cities when followed by their states: 鈥淪he talked to the Portland, Maine, reporter,鈥� or 鈥淗e found the release had a Wilmington, Delaware, dateline.鈥�

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Use an em dash (鈥�) to convey an abrupt change in thought or an emphatic pause: For example, 鈥淒ean Humbert noticed some students鈥攓uite a few, in fact鈥攚ere not paying attention.鈥� In print, do not insert a space on either side of the em dash. Online, a space may be inserted on both sides to alleviate awkward text wraps. If you know em dashes to be corrupted online, double hyphens with a space on either side may be used in their place: 鈥淒ean Humbert noticed some students -- quite a few, in fact -- were not paying attention.鈥�

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The em dash is longer than the en dash (鈥�), which is used to show range: for example, 鈥�6鈥�10 years,鈥� 鈥�3鈥�9 p.m.,鈥� 鈥淎pril鈥揝eptember.鈥� Do not insert a space on either side of the en dash.

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Use a hyphen (shorter than the em dash and the en dash) to join two or more words expressing a single concept鈥攅.g., 鈥渇irst-quarter touchdown,鈥� 鈥渇ull-time professor,鈥� 鈥渇all- semester grade,鈥� 鈥渉igh-and-mighty attitude.鈥� Do NOT use a hyphen to join 鈥渧ery鈥� with another word modifying the same concept鈥攅.g., 鈥渁 very good time.鈥� Also, do NOT use a hyphen to join adverbs ending in 鈥�-ly鈥� with modifiers following them鈥攅.g., 鈥渢he slow-moving train鈥� BUT 鈥渢he slowly moving train.鈥�

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鈥淚.e.鈥� means 鈥渢hat is鈥�; 鈥渆.g.鈥� means 鈥渇or example.鈥� The two abbreviations are not interchangeable. Both are lowercased; neither is italicized.

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Capitalize the first word following a colon when it begins a new sentence鈥攅.g., 鈥淗e was right about one thing: The University was thriving.鈥�

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Collective nouns such as 鈥渇aculty鈥� and 鈥渟taff鈥� may take singular or plural verbs and pronouns. If, in context, the group functions as a unit, treat the noun as singular; if its members function individually, treat the noun as plural鈥攅.g., 鈥淔aculty in the College of Health Sciences are working on 鈥︹�� BUT 鈥淭he faculty has been apprised of 鈥�.鈥�